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【Note】Meaning of "any" in English
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"Any" is a confusing word that some English learner
can not distinguish that the word should match a plural form
or a singular countable noun. Here are some ideas that may help you.
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First, let's consult a dictionary.
✥【Cambridge Dictionary・English・Traditional Chinese】✥
・some, or even the smallest amount or number of
Is there any of that lemon cake left?
檸檬蛋糕有沒有剩下一點啊？
※We use "any" with "of" before articles, demonstratives, pronouns or possessives.
There was hardly any food left by the time we got there.
我們到那裡的時候，幾乎一點吃的都沒了。
※ The word "food" here, is an uncountable noun.
"Is there any more soup?" "No, I'm afraid there isn't any left."
「還有湯嗎？」「抱歉，一點都沒有了。」
I go to church for weddings but not for any other reason.
我只有參加婚禮才會去教堂。
※ Here we can say that "any" can match a singular countable noun.
・one of or each of a particular type of person or
thing when it is not important which
The offer was that you could have any three items of clothing you liked for $30.
商家提供的優惠是，花30英鎊可任選三件你喜歡的服裝。
※ It's interesting that "any" can match plural countable noun, also.
Any of you should be able to answer this question.
你們隨便哪個都應該能回答這個問題。
There were a lot of computers at the exhibition,
any (one) of which would have suited me perfectly.
展覽會上有很多電腦，無論哪一台都會非常適合我用。
・at all or in the least
Can't you run any faster?
你不能再跑快一點嗎？
※ The word "faster" here, is the comparative.
Those trousers don't look any different from the others.
那條褲子看起來和其他褲子沒甚麼兩樣。
※ The word "different" here, is an adjective.
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✥【English Grammar Today・Any is a determiner and a pronoun.】✥
We use any before nouns to refer to
indefinite or unknown quantities or an unlimited entity.
Did you bring any bread?
Mr Jacobson refused to answer any questions.
※ The word bread is an uncountable noun.
Any as a determiner has two forms: a strong form and a weak form.
The forms have different meanings.
・Weak form any: indefinite quantities
We use any for indefinite quantities in questions and negative sentences.
We use some in affirmative sentences:
Have you got any eggs? ( indefinite quantities in questions )
I haven’t got any eggs. ( negative sentences )
I’ve got some eggs. ( affirmative sentences )
※Not: I’ve got any eggs.
We use weak form any only with uncountable nouns or with plural nouns
Do I need to get any petrol? (+ uncountable noun)
There aren’t any clean knives. They’re all in the dishwasher. (+ plural noun)
We don’t use any with this meaning with singular countable nouns:
Have you got any Italian cookery books? (or … an Italian cookery book?)
※Not: Have you got any Italian cookery book?
・Strong form any meaning it does not matter which
We use any to mean "it does not matter which or what,"
to describe something which is not limited.
We use this meaning of any with all types of
nouns and usually in affirmative sentences.
In speaking we often stress any:
Call 0800675-437 for any information
about the courses. (+ uncountable noun)
When you make a late booking,
you don’t know where you’re going to go, do you?
It could be any destination. (+ singular countable noun)
We could choose any colours we wanted. (+ plural countable noun)
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✥【English Grammar Today・Not any and no】✥
Any doesn’t have a negative meaning on its own.
It must be used with a negative word to mean the same as no.
There aren’t any biscuits left. They’ve eaten them all.
= There are no biscuits left. They’ve eaten them all.
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✥【English Grammar Today・Any or every】✥
We use any and every to talk about the total numbers
of things in a group. Their meanings are not exactly the same.
Every always refers to the total number of something.
Any refers to one, several or all of a total number.
We use every not any with singular countable nouns
when we mean "each individual member of a group of something."
You can come over for dinner any evening.
It doesn’t matter which one, or you can come every evening.
He came over for dinner every evening last week.
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✥【Weblio 辭書・研究社新英和中辭典・英和辭典】✥
・形容詞・限定用法の形容詞（比較なし）
・肯定文で，強調的に
通例単數名詞の前に用いて
どんな…でも，どれでも…，だれ[何]でも…; 任意の….
Any person can do it.
どんな人にでもできる
any number of… で
どれほどの…でも，無限の
He has any amount of money.
彼はお金はいくらでも持っている
※money is an uncountable noun.
可算名詞 の名詞の複數形または
不可算名詞 の名詞につけて
いくらでも，いくつでも
I'll loan you any books you need.
本は必要なだけ貸してあげる
※Certainly, "any" can match plural form countable noun.
可算名詞 の名詞の複數形または 不可算名詞 の名詞につけて
すべての
Save any foreign stamps for me.
もし外國の切手が手に入ったらとっておいてくれよ
・否定文で名詞の前に用いて
可算名詞 の名詞の複數形または 不可算名詞 の名詞につけて
少しも(…ない), 何も(…ない), だれも(…ない)
He doesn't have any books .
彼には本[お金]は少しもない《と書き換え可能》
※It can match an uncountable noun or plural form noun.
可算名詞 の名詞の単數形につけて]
何か一つの(…もない), だれか一人の(…もない)
It's not covered by any law.
あてはまる法律はない
いくらも…ない
I couldn't walk any distance for weeks.
何週間もちょっとしか歩けなかった(具合が悪くて)
・疑問文・條件節で名詞の前に用いて
可算名詞 の名詞の複數形または 不可算名詞 の名詞につけて
いくらかの…，何人かの….
Do you have any friends in Kyoto?
京都に(何人か)友人がいますか
可算名詞 の名詞の単數形につけて
何か[どれか]一つの，だれか一人の (cf. some 形容詞 1b)
Is there any book in which I can look it up?
それを調べることのできる本がありますか
人にものを勧める時の疑問文では some を用いる (⇒some 形容詞 1b)
Would you like some tea? お茶はいかがですか
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As you can see,
When "any" is a determiner, the meaning of the
word "any" is not as easy as spelling.
So let's try to sum up the above explanation in International English:
General speaking, in an affirmative sentence,
"any" can match any kinds of nouns;
In a negative sentence or interrogative Sentence,
"any" can only match an uncountable noun or a plural form countable noun.
We use this meaning of any with all types of
nouns and usually in affirmative sentences;
We use weak form any only with uncountable nouns or with plural nouns.
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不錯資料，感謝~~~~~~~~~~ 這一篇針對any的用法分析的真是精闢阿!!!受用無窮!!!!!
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